Seizures are caused by disturbances in the electrical activity of the brain which may be related to a brain injury, genetic condition, brain structure, medication or a metabolic cause. Often times the cause is unknown. When appropriate, medications to control seizures are often prescribed.
Headaches are a common problem. They can be due to multiple different causes with migraine being one of the most common. Migraine is one of the largest causes of disability and missed work and school days in the country. It is important that a person with severe and frequent headaches receive a careful evaluation. There are many effective treatments for headaches that can lead to greatly improved quality of life.
Dementia is a condition which causes problems with many different aspects of thinking. One of the earliest and most common symptoms of dementia is memory impairment. Other problems include difficulty with decision making, language, behavior and social interaction. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia and unfortunately is not currently curable but there are medications which may help. There are some causes of dementia that are curable or treatable. It is therefore important that patients suffering from symptoms of dementia receive an expert evaluation. This can include blood testing and imaging of the brain such as computerized tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.
Tremor and other abnormal body movements and difficulty with walking can be due to multiple different causes, ranging from benign conditions to Parkinson’s disease. These are common problems that increase in prevalence with increasing age. These conditions can make activities of daily living challenging and cause significant disability. It is important that the correct diagnosis be made in order to provide the appropriate treatment and support.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disorder of the brain and spinal cord that preferentially affects young adults. It can cause multiple different symptoms that include numbness, weakness, clumsiness and problems with vision. There are many other conditions that can cause similar symptoms and it is important to have the appropriate testing done to establish the correct diagnosis. Patients with suspected MS are usually evaluated with MRI scans of the brain and spinal cord along with blood testing. There are over 15 different medications that are currently available to treat MS, with the goal of preventing any additional attacks or symptoms.
Peripheral neuropathy can cause numbness and pain in toes and fingers. At times it can lead to weakness of legs and arms and difficulty with balance and walking. Injury to the nerves in the body can be due to many causes including diabetes, inflammation, vitamin deficiencies, metabolic disorders and toxic chemicals. Nerve entrapment is a "pinched nerve" which can occur at various locations such as the wrist, elbow or spine. Testing often includes an EMG (electromyography) to confirm the site of entrapment as well as the severity.
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